佛得角Cape-Verde重要传统节日二年级下册传统节日

　　7月18日，对全世界的穆斯林群众来说，是一个非常重要的日子——开斋节。这个节日意义非凡，它和古尔邦节、圣纪节并称伊斯兰教的三大宗教节日。

　　July 18, marks this year's Eid al-Fitr, a very important festival celebrated by Muslims all over the world. It's one of the three important religious celebrations in Islam, together with Maulid al-Nabi and Eid al-Adha.

　　下面，小编就来详细的给大家介绍一下这个节日。

　　什么是开斋节？

　　What is Eid al-Fitr?

　　开斋节一般在斋月结束的时候举行。关于斋月，也就是伊斯兰历第九个月，又叫“莱麦丹月”，顾名思义，就是教徒守斋的月份。在斋月期间，教徒们在一天的日出到日落之间是不得饮食的，只有到傍晚才能吃简单清淡的晚餐。

　　斋月的开始和结束以新月的出现为标志，因此斋月的起始和终止日期每年都不同，因而开斋节作为斋月的末尾，每年的日期也不一样。

　　Eid al-Fitr is a religious holiday marking the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. During Ramadan, Muslims are not allowed to eat or drink from sunrise to sunset.

　　The date for the start of Eid al-Fitr varies based on the observation of the new moon by local religious authorities, so the exact day of celebration varies by locality.

　　开斋节的起源

　　The Origins of Eid al-Fitr

　　关于这个节日的起源，有这样一个传说。根据《圣训》阿纳萨传述，先知默罕默德迁徙到麦地那后，看到当地人在依据旧日习惯，在特定的两天来举行庆祝民间活动，自娱自乐。穆罕默德就告诉他们，根据真主启示，这两个节会会用更好的日子来替代，一个是奉献牺牲的日子，一个是结束斋戒的日子。这两个节日后来就分别成了古尔邦节和开斋节。

　　According to a legend from Anas, when the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca arrived in Medina, he found people celebrating two specific days in which they used to entertain themselves with recreation and merriment. The Prophet then said that the Almighty has fixed two days for Muslims, which are more appropriate dates for celebration--Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

　　开斋节的习俗

　　Customs of Eid al-Fitr

　　穆斯林群众们一般会用两到三天的时间来庆祝开斋节。他们会在拂晓就早早起床，先给自家的房屋大院来一次彻彻底底的大扫除，直至全面干净整洁，一尘不染。之后，他们会沐浴净身，换上自己喜爱的衣服，收拾的整整齐齐，干净利索。

　　之后，他们会从四面八方聚集到当地的清真寺，进行严肃的祈祷叩拜活动。

　　此外，一些穆斯林群众还会慷慨解囊，给那些需要帮助的人们施以援助，目的是“扶贫济困，净化心灵”。

　　Eid al-Fitr is celebrated for one, two or three days.

　　Typically, practicing Muslims wake up early in the morning and thoroughly clean their rooms and courtyards. Then, they will take a shower before prayer, put on new clothes, and put on perfume or scented water.

　　After that, Muslims will attend the prayer ceremony at the local mosque.

　　Along with the prayer customs, Muslims often go out around this time and give money to the poor and needy.

　　另外，开斋节也少不了一些美食。不同地方的穆斯林群众会制作不同特色的食品。中东地区的人会做一些糖果甜点，而马来西亚等地的群众则会做竹筒饭。

　　Muslims will also celebrate by eating traditional foods and sweet desserts. This is done throughout the Middle East, but differs in other Muslim areas of the world. In Malaysia, for instance, it is customary for Muslims to eat bamboo-tube rice during Eid al-Fatr.

　　在中国，特别是回族人民，他们会吃一些极具节日特色的食品，最有名的当属“馓子”和“油香”这两种点心了。

　　In China, Muslims, especially those from the Hui ethnic group, often eat 'Sanzi', a deep-fried dough twist, or 'Youxiang', a flour-and-salt cake fried in sesame oil.

　　看世界各地如何庆祝开斋节

　　Celebrations of Eid al-Fitr Around the World

　　巴基斯坦卡拉奇街头，穆斯林群众在举行祈祷活动，庆祝开斋节。

　　Pakistani devotees offer Eid prayers at the start of the Eid al-Fitr holiday marking the end of Ramadan outside a mosque in Karachi on July 18, 2015.

　　菲律宾达义市，穆斯林民众在庆祝开斋节，一些儿童在举行极具特色的跳布袋比赛。

　　Muslim children compete in sack races during the Eid-al-Fitr celebration in the city of Taguig, just south of Manila, Philippines, on July 18, 2015.

　　中国西宁，当地的穆斯林民众在东关清真大寺内举行祈祷活动，庆祝开斋节。

　　Muslims pray during Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, at Dongguan Mosque in Xining, capital of northwest China's Qinghai Province, on July 17, 2015.

　　科特迪瓦首都阿比让，穆斯林群众在当地的一座清真寺内举行祈祷活动，庆祝开斋节。

　　Musilms pray in front of the Adjame mosque during Eid al-Fitr, marking the end of the fasting month of Ramadan, in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on July 17, 2015.

　　意大利萨卢佐，当地的穆斯林群众在一座体育馆内举行祈祷活动，庆祝开斋节。

　　People pray during Eid al-Fitr marking the end of the fasting month of Ramadan in a gymnasium in Saluzzo, near Turin, Italy, on July 17, 2015.

　　叙利亚首都大马士革米丹区，为庆祝开斋节，当地的三名厨师正在大显身手，制作特色甜点。

　　Three chefs from the Midan Neighborhood of Damascus, Syria, make special pastries in celebration of Eid al-Fitr on July 17, 2015.

　　伊拉克埃尔比勒，一座清真寺外，当地穆斯林群众正在分发糖果和各种干果，庆祝开斋节。

　　During the Eid al-Fitr, sweets and dry fruits are distributed outside a mosque on July 17, 2015 in Erbil, Iraq.

　　菲律宾首都马尼拉，穆斯林群众聚集在金顶清真寺外的街道上，举行开斋节祈祷活动。

　　Muslims pray in the street outside the Golden Mosque in Manila, Philippines, to mark Eid al-Fitr on July 17, 2015.

　　印尼泗水，一位妇女正在出售传统的东南亚食品——马来粽，这种食品和竹筒饭一样，常见于东南亚地区欢庆开斋节的场合。

　　A woman sells ketupat, a compressed rice cake, as a celebratory dish for Eid Al-Fitr on July 17, 2015 in Surabaya, Indonesia.

　　印度阿加尔塔拉，当地民众制作一种名为Pitha的传统食物来庆祝开斋节，这是一种用大米做成的甜食。

　　A Muslim woman makes 'Pitha', a rice-based dessert, to usher in the Eid Al-Fitr celebration on July 16, 2015, in Agartala, Tripura, India.